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''Mevlana Halid-i Bagdadi'', ''Halid-î Bağdadî'', ''Mevlana Halid'', ''Mawlana Khalid'', ''al-Khalid'' or Khâlid-i Baghdâdî (1779–1827) was an Iraqi Kurdish Sufi,〔Sadık Albayrak, ''Meşrutiyetten Cumhuriyete Meşihat Şeriat Tarikat Kavgası'', Mizan Yayınevi, 1994, (p. 323. ) .〕 by the name of Shaykh Diya al-Dīn Khalid al-Shahrazuri,〔Gammer, Moshe. Muslim Resistance to the Tsar: Shamil and the Conquest of Chechnia and Daghestan. Portland, OR: Frank Cass, 1994〕 the founder of a branch of the Naqshbandi Sufi order - called Khalidi after him - that has had a profound impact not only on his native Kurdish lands but also on many other regions of the western Islamic world.〔Martin van Bruinessen, Julia Day Howell, ''Sufism and the 'Modern' in Islam'', I.B.Tauris, 2007, ISBN 978-1-85043-854-0, (p. 44. )〕 Mawlana Khalid acquired the ''nesba'' Baghdadi through his frequent stays in Baghdad, for it was in the town of Karadağ (Qaradagh) in the Shahrizur region,〔Richard Tapper, ''Islam in Modern Turkey: Religion, Politics, and Literature in a Secular State'', I.B. Tauris, 1991, ISBN 978-1-85043-321-7, (p. 129. ).〕 about 5 miles from Sulaymaniyah, that he was born in 1779. His father was a Qadiri Sufi who was popularly known as Pir Mika'il Shesh-angosht, and his mother also came from a celebrated Sufi family in Kurdistan. He was an influential Ottoman mystic, who is believed by his followers to have been capable of time travel (Tayyi Zaman). His best known books are ''Mecd-i Talid'' (Big Birth) and ''Shems'u Shumus'' (The Sun of All Suns). ==Early life== He was born in the year 1779 in the village of Karadağ, near the city of Sulaymaniyyah, in what is now Iraq. He was raised and trained in Sulaymaniyyah, where there were many schools and many mosques and which was considered the primary educational city of his time. His grandfather was Par Mika'il Chis Anchit, which means Mika'il the Saint of the six fingers. His title is `Uthmani because he is a descendant of Sayyidina `Uthman ibn `Affan, the third caliph of Islam. He studied the Qur'an and its explanation and fiqh according to the Shafi`i school. He was famous in poetry. When he was fifteen years of age he took asceticism as his creed, hunger as his horse, wakefulness as his means, seclusion as his friend, and energy as his light. Young Khalid studied with the two great scholars of his time, Shaykh `Abdul Karam al-Barzinji and Shaykh `Abdur Rahim al-Barzinji, and he read with Mullah Muhammad `Ali. He studied the sciences of mathematics, philosophy, and logic as well as the principles of jurisprudence. He studied the works of Ibn Hajar, as-Suyuti, and al-Haythami. He memorized the commentary on Qur'an by Baydawi. He was able to find solutions for even the most difficult questions in jurisprudence. He memorized the Qur'an according to the fourteen different ways of recitation, and became very famous everywhere for this. For many years Mawlana Khalid's interests were focused exclusively on the formal traditions of Islamic learning, and his later, somewhat abrupt, turning to Sufism is highly reminiscent of the patterns in many a classic Sufi biography. He began his studies in Qaradagh, with Qur'an memorization, Shafi fiqh, and elementary logic. He then traveled to other centers of religious study in Kurdistan, concentrating on logic and ''kalam''. Next he came to Baghdad, where he astounded the established ulema with his learning and bested them in debates on many topics. Such was his mastery of the religious sciences that the governor of Baban proposed him a post as ''modarres'', but he modestly refused. However, when Abd al-Karim Barzanki died of the plague in 1799, Mawlana Khalid assumed the responsibility for the ''madrasa'' in Sulaymaniyah he had founded. He remained there for about seven years, distinguished as yet only by his great learning and a high degree of asceticism that caused him to shun the company of secular authority. He then entered seclusion, leaving everything he had studied behind, engaging in virtuous actions and much dhikr. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Khâlid-i Baghdâdî」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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